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He recommended that continuous back alleys should be insisted upon. They had not got these yet in this Colony. He recommended that six hundred cubic feet of air space per head should be required in all rooms sub-divided by cubicles. The present law only required four hundred. He recommended that the ground surfaces of all dwellings should be concreted. This was not required until after the great epidemic of 1894. He recommended the formation of an Improvement Fund to carry out larger sanitary schemes, such as the purchase of insanitary properties and their demolition, and the acquisition of all privately owned public latrines. A similar scheme was recommended by the Board, on the initiation of the Vice-President a year or two years ago. He recommended the erection of model dwellings. The Board had this matter again before them now. He recommended that all roads and drains should be prepared before any building lots were sold,
10.—Mr. Chadwick, referring to Model Dwellings, recommended:-
182. To demonstrate the advantages which may be derived from good construction, and to show that they may be secured without any considerable additional cost, it will be well to construct some model dwellings.
The Sanitary Board in November, 1899, asked the Government to give a premium for the best design of a Chinese house, and also asked the Government to erect model dwellings at Taipingshan. Both requests were refused.
11-In Paragraph 217, Mr. Chadwick recommended the construction of flushing tanks for sewers, remarking "that the perennial flow of the Nullahs will, in most cases, suffice." These tanks have not been constructed and filtered water is used for the little flushing that is done.
12.-In Paragraph 263, Mr. Chadwick pointed out the need of Urinals. There are still only but four very inadequate one-man public Urinals in the whole city of Victoria.
13.--In Paragraphs 270 and 271 Mr. Chadwick referred to the native hawker nuisance. This nuisance yet prevails and was reported several times by the Sanitary Board to the Government within the last twelve months. The only reply the Board obtained was that the nuisance did not exist.
14-Mr. Chadwick also referred in Paragraph 272 to the need of Public Bathhouses for the use of Chinese labourers, and recommended their erection. This proposal was again urged by the Sanitary Board, and in May 1901, after an interval of nineteen years, a number of matsheds were erected on the orders of H.E. the Governor as temporary Bathhouses.
Mi
15.-Mr. Chadwick in his Report called attention to the defective drainage, and Mr. Cooper some years ago introduced the Separate System of Sewerage, but the benefits anticipated from it have not followed. That Separate System was without the safeguards Mr. Chadwick recommended; viz., abundant water supply; flushing tanks at the head of each drainage valley; pumping stations at each end of the city to relieve the intercepting main drain and to throw the sewage into the sea well clear of the city. On October 19th, 1904, the Hongkong Chamber of Commerce brought the question before the Governor of the Colony, in the hope of having the system altered, and pointed out that with regard to the drainage of the city, there is a wide-spread belief-but the
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"Chamber has no means of verifying it-that the scheme, as drawn up by Mr. Osbert Chadwick, endorsed by Mr. J. M. Price, the late Surveyor-General, and approved by the Government, has not been carried out on the original lines, and that the separate system has been more generally applied than was intended.” The Chamber was also of opinion that "the neglect of all effective Sanitary measures throughout a period of years, and in the face of continuous and repeated protests, makes it abundantly manifest that there has been no effective administrative Sanitary System in this Colony." It has been shown in Official Reports that the contents of the storm water drains are nearly as foul as those of the sewers, yet the inlets to the storm drains from the public streets are mostly untrapped; and the emanations therefrom are thus necessarily discharged direct into the streets. In lieu of an adequate flushing by the rains it has been found necessary to prevent choking to cause the sewers of this Colony by means of an elaborate system of chains and drags, gangs of coolies being kept constantly employed on this duty, which indicates either that the sewers have not a sufficient fall or that they are insufficiently flushed.
16.-The late Dr. Ph. B. C. Ayres, C.M.G., Colonial Surgeon, in his Annual Report for 1882, said:
78. This year the Report of Mr. Chadwick, the Sanitary Commissioner sent out from England to report on the sanitary condition of Hongkong, has been received in the form of a Blue Book, and fully confirms all I have said in my reports from 1874 till now, and proves that if I have appeared to act the part of an alarmist it has not been without good and sufficient grounds. It can only be with regret that any Colonist can look back on the past nine years that have been wasted, and the many great and valuable opportunities afforded for improved sanitation that in the last five years have not only been thrown away, but absolutely availed of to increase the number and size of the unwholesome dwellings so graphically described in Mr. Chadwick's report.
79. In the report he begins by a general description of Hongkong, in which he states that, "like the Europeans, few of the Chinese are permanent settlers, but only residents coming to Hongkong to avail themselves of the facilities offered by British rule for earning money with which they propose to return to their own country to end their days amongst their own people." Seeing the benefit that it is acknowledged they receive from British rule, is it too much to expect that they should be required to conform to British laws, instead of the British laws, against the interest of the British people, being made to conform to Chinese ideas? They do not come here with philanthropic ideas of benefitting the Colony any more than the Europeans, but with the same desire of realising a competence and clearing out as soon as possible. One would think, to hear the sympathy that has been wasted on the native population, that we had come here as conquerors of a populous place, instead of having converted a barren island into a prosperous Colony, in which every resident of every nationality is more or less a bird of passage, from the wealthiest merchant whether European or Chinese to the poorest coolie. It ought not therefore to be permissible for one section or the other of the community to convert the Colony into a pest-house for the purpose of realising possession of the Almighty Dollar more speedily than legitimately.
81. Now what has been argued of late years is that the unwholesome style of building in Hongkong is peculiar to the Chinese, and therefore, though bad enough as one storied buildings, they have been permitted to make them three and four storied, and even then to subdivide each storey by
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He recommended that continuous back alleys should be insisted upon. They had not got these yet in this Colony. He recommended that six hundred cubic feet of air space per head should be required in all rooms sub-divided by cubicles. The present law only required four hundred. He recommended that the ground surfaces of all dwellings should be concreted. This was not required until after the great epidemic of 1894. He recommended the forma- tion of an Improvement Fund to carry out larger sanitary schemes, such as the purchase of insanitary properties and their demolition, and the acquisition of all privately owned public latrines. A similar scheme was recommended by the Board, on the initiation of the Vice-President a year or two years ago. He recommended the erection of model dwellings. The Board had this matter again before them now. He recommended that all roads and drains should be prepared before any building lo's were sold,
10.—Mr. Chadwick, referring to Model Dwellings, recommended:-
182. To demonstrate the advantages which may be derived from good construction, and to show that they may be secured without any considerable additional cost, it will be well to construct some model dwellings.
The Sanitary Board in November, 1899, asked the Government to give a mium for the best design of a Chinese house, and also asked the Government to erect model dwellings at Taipingshan. Both requests were refused.
11-In Paragraph 217, Mr. Chadwick recommended the construction of flushing tanks for sewers, remarking "that the perennial flow of the Nullahs will, in most cases, suffice." These tauks have not been constructed and filtered water is used for the little flushing that is done.
12.-In Paragraph 263, Mr. Chadwick pointed out the need of Urinals. There are still only but four very inadequate one-man public Urinals in the whole city of Victoria.
13.--In Paragraphs 270 and 271 Mr. Chadwick referred to the native hawker nuisance. This nuisance yet prevails and was reported several times by the Sanitary Board to the Government within the last twelve months. The only reply the Board obtained was that the nuisance did not exist.
14-Mr. Chadwick also referred in Paragraph 272 to the need of Public itBathhouses for the use of Chinese labourers, and recommended their erection. thhis proposal was again urged by the Sanitary Board, and in May 1901, after an penterval of nineteen years, a number of matsheds were erected on the orders
of H.E. the Governor as temporary Bathhouses.
Mi
15.-Mr. Chadwick in his Report called attention to the defective drainage, to nd Mr. Cooper some years ago introduced the Separate System of Sewerage, Chut the benefits anticipated from it have not followed. That Separate System be without the safeguards
Mr.
Chadwick recommended; viz., abundant
thaater supply; flushing tooks at the head of each drainage valley; pumping altations at each end of the city to relieve the intercepting main drain and has row the sewage into the sea well clear of the city. On October 19th, 1994, Offie Hongkong Chamber of Commerce brought the question before the Governor the Colony, in the hope of having the system altered, and pointed out that with regard to the drainage of the city, there is a wide-spread belief-but the
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"Chamber has no means of verifying it-that the scheme, as drawn up by - "Mr. Osbert Chadwick, endorsed by Mr. J. M. I rice, the late Surveyor-General, "and approved by the Government, has not been carried out on the original lines, "and that the separate system has been more generally applied than was intended.” The Chamber was also of opinion that "the neglect of all effective Sanitary measures throughout a period of years, and in the face of continuous and repeated protests, makes it abundantly manifest that there has been no effective administrative Sanitary System in this Colony." It has been shown in Official Reports that the contents of the storm water drains are nearly as foul as those of the sewers, yet the inlets to the storm drains from the public streets are mostly untrapped; and the cunnations therefrom are thus necessarily discharged direct into the streets. In lieu of an adequate flushing by the rains it has been found necessary to prevent choking to clcause the seivers of this Colony by means of an elaborate system of chains and drags, gangs of coolies being kept constantly employed on this duty, which indicates either that the sewers have not a sufficient fall or that they are insufficiently flushed.
16.-The late Dr. Ph. B. C. Ayres, C.M.G., Colonial Surgeon, in his Annual Report for 1882, said :---
78. This year the Report of Mr. Chadwick, the Sanitary Commissioner sent out from Engloud to report on the sanitary condition of Hongkong, has been received in the form of a Blue Book, and fully confirms all I have sail in my reports from 1874 till now, and proves that if I have appeared to act the part of an alarmist it has not been without good and sufficient grounds. It can only be with regret that any Colonist can look back on the past nine- years that have been wasted, and the many great and valuable opportunities afforded for improved sanitation that in the last five years have not only been thrown away, but absolutely availed of to increase the number and size of the unwholesome dwellings so graphically described in Mr. Chadwick's report.
79. In the report he begins by a general description of Hongkong, in which he states that, "like the Europeans, few of the Chinese are permanent "settlers, but only residents coming to Hongkong to avail themselves of the "fivilities offered by British rule for earning money with which they propose "to return to their own country to end their days amongst their own people." Seeing the benefit that it is acknowledged they receive from British rule, is it too much to expect that they should be required to conform to British laws, instead of the British laws, against the interest of the British people, come here with being maile to conform to Chinese ideas? They do not philanthropic ideas of benefitting the Colony any more than the Europeans, but with the same desire of realising a competence and clearing out as soon as possible. Que would think, to hear the sympathy that has been wasted on the native population, that we had come here as conquerors of a populous place, instead of having converted a barren island into a prosperous Colony, in which every resident of every nationality is more or less a bird of passage, from the wealthiest merchant whether European or Chinese to the poorest coolic. It ought not therefore to be permissible for one section or the other of the community to convert the Colony into a pest-house for the purpose of realising possession of the Almighty Dollar more speedily than legitimately,"
81. Now what has been argued of late years is that the unwholesome style of building in Hongkong is peenliar to the Chinese, and therefore, though bad enough as one storied buildings, they have been permitted to make them three and four storied, and even then to subdivide each storey by
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